It important to know the name of your guest because it’s an indication that you have paid attention to them. Using a person’s name makes them feel important and validated. A person’s name is the greatest connection to their own identity and individuality. Therefore it is important to take permission before addressing any person with their first name. First name is always used to address colleagues, clients and boss at work.
Give two examples of polite expressions: 1. Apology 2. Agreement
Examples of polite expressions:
Apology 2. Agreement
Apology: An apology is something that you say or write in order to tell someone that you are sorry to hurt or trouble them. It is also an expression of regret for not being able to do something.
Expressions for Apology:
I apologize for …
I am sorry for ….
It’s all my fault…
Excuse me for ….
Agreement: Agreement means the act of coming to a mutual understanding between two or more persons. It is a meeting of the minds for a common settlement. Based on the agreement done, the task is accomplished.
Expressions for agreement:
I agree with you entirely….
I am of the same opinion…
That’s exactly what I think…
I absolutely agree with you ….
What is Group Communication?
Group Communication: Groups communication is interaction and exchange of information between people who are a member of a group.
Write polite expressions for agreement and disagreement.
Agreement: Agreement means the act of coming to a mutual understanding between two or more persons. It is a meeting of the minds for a common settlement. Based on the agreement done, the task is accomplished.
Expressions for agreement:
I agree with you entirely….
I am of the same opinion…
That’s exactly what I think…
I absolutely agree with you ….
Disagreement: Disagreement is the failure of mutual understanding between the parties. Difference of opinion and refusal of ideas is seen here. There will not be any settlement and thus, task can’t be achieved.
Expressions for disagreement:
I don’t agree with you…
I’m sorry, but I disagree…
I’m afraid, I can’t agree with you..
I am of a different opinion because…
What is face to face Conversation?
MEANING: Face to face communication is an important medium of oral communication. Everyday people exchange their ideas and opinions through Face to face communication whenever they get chance. When one person discusses his views, opinion to another person and exchanges their views in the presence of both then it is called face to face conversation. It also includes the face-to-face discussion on a particular issue.
DEFINITATION: Face-to-face interaction is defined as the mutual influence of individuals’ direct physical presence with his/her body language.[2] Face-to-face interaction is one of the basic elements of the social system, forming a significant part of individual socialization and experience gaining throughout one’s lifetime.
“when two or more persons talk to each other and see each other physically, it can be termed as face to face Communication. It is one kind of two-way oral communication as both the parties are involved here in conversation.” Business Communication
Study of face-to-face interaction is defined as the process of recording and analyzing the reactive pattern of individuals when they are involved in a face-to-face interaction.
What is Seminar?
MEANING:
A seminar is a group meeting led by an expert that focuses on a specific topic or discipline, such as business, job searches or a university field such as literature. Seminars typically take place over the course of a few days and involve cooperative discussion, multiple speakers and opportunities to share perspectives and issues related to the topic. Attending a seminar has numerous benefits, including improving communication skills, gaining expert knowledge, networking with others and renewing motivation and confidence.
DEFENATION:
A seminar may be defined as a gathering of people for the purpose of discussing a stated topic. Such gatherings are usually interactive sessions where the participants engage in discussions about the delineated topic. The sessions are usually headed or led by one or two presenters who serve to steer the discussion along the desired path.
What is a conference?
A conference is a gathering of many people who talk about a specific subject or topic. People meet to confer about a theme. All the people who attend have a common interest.
Conference is conducted to resolve the problem of an organization, to evaluate the progress and improve the organization based on the evaluation, to improve the competitive position, to come up with creative ideas to increase their customers.
Who is a Public Relation Officer?
Public Relation Officer (PRO)
A public relation officer (PRO) is a person in an organization responsible for public relations activities. A PRO is highly required for an organization for the purpose of building rapport with customers, investors, voters, general public as well as organization employees.
Public relations officers use a wide range of media to build and sustain a good image for a company, organisation or brand through planned publicity campaigns and PR activity.
PART – B
UNIT- 2
What is Seminar? Discuss in detail.
WHAT IS A SEMINAR?
MEANING:
A seminar is a group meeting led by an expert that focuses on a specific topic or discipline, such as business, job searches or a university field such as literature. Seminars typically take place over the course of a few days and involve cooperative discussion, multiple speakers and opportunities to share perspectives and issues related to the topic. Attending a seminar has numerous benefits, including improving communication skills, gaining expert knowledge, networking with others and renewing motivation and confidence.
DEFENATION:
A seminar may be defined as a gathering of people for the purpose of discussing a stated topic. Such gatherings are usually interactive sessions where the participants engage in discussions about the delineated topic. The sessions are usually headed or led by one or two presenters who serve to steer the discussion along the desired path.
PURPOSE OF A SEMINAR
A seminar may have several purposes or just one purpose. For instance, a seminar may be for the purpose of education, such as a lecture, where the participants engage in the discussion of an academic subject for the aim of gaining a better insight into the subject. Other forms of educational seminars might be held to impart some skills or knowledge to the participants. Examples of such seminars include personal finance, web marketing, real estate, investing or other types of seminars where the participants gain knowledge or tips about the topic of discussion.
Of course, a seminar can be motivational, in which case the purpose is usually to inspire the attendees to become better people, or to work towards implementing the skills they might have learned from the seminar. For instance, a business seminar with a financial theme could be for the purpose of teaching small business owners how to pitch to investors or to write a solid business plan, and to motivate them to get started right away.
Sometimes, seminars are simply a way for businessmen and women, or other like-minded people, to network and meet other attendees with similar interests. Such seminars provide opportunities for the attendees to make some potentially valuable contacts that can help them move to the next level in their careers or endeavors.
A trade seminar brings a wide cross-section of the community together, such as government officials, businessmen and women and the general public. Such seminars often consist of workshops and the presentation of white papers. They are usually held for the purpose of networking with various vendors and making new connections.
PLANNING A SEMINAR
The first step towards planning an effective seminar is to determine what the purpose of the seminar will be.
Think about the target audience who will participate and what they stand to gain from attending the seminar.
Every seminar must have an agenda, so determine what the agenda will be.
Set a budget for the seminar and work within this budget, and don’t get too carried away with the selection of venue and other considerations that could potentially cost money.
TYPES OF SEMINARS
Live Seminars
Live seminars are presentations in various areas of practice with actual presenters following a published schedule. Live seminars provide opportunities for interaction with the faculty members considered experts in the subject area, and time for Q & A is generally built into the seminar schedule. Live seminars are most often conducted at the Phoenix Convention Center in downtown Phoenix.
Video Replay
A video replay is a scheduled replay of a live presentation. For each scheduled replay there is a live moderator that is present for part of or the entire seminar to make the replay eligible for interactive CLE credit.
Live Webcast
Live webcasts are presentations in various areas of practice with actual presenters in a live studio setting. Attendees participate via a web portal on their computer. These seminars are presented live at the scheduled time, and provide an opportunity through a link to submit questions to the presenter/s. CLE West webcasts are usually 5-7 hours in length and are a great way to get your CLE credits without having to leave your desk.
Before you participate in a webcast, it is important that you make sure you have the proper software and hardware requirements.
Webinar
Live webinars are presentations in various areas of practice with actual presenters in a live studio setting that are offered online only. Attendees participate via a web portal on their computer. These seminars are presented live at the scheduled time, and provide an opportunity through a link to submit questions to the presenter/s. CLE West webcasts are usually 1-3 hours in length and are a great way to get your CLE credits without having to leave your desk.
Before you participate in a webinar, it is important that you make sure you have the proper software and hardware requirements.
On Demand
On-demand seminars are recorded presentations of live webcasts, webinars, and seminars that you can watch at your leisure. Resource materials typically accompany these programs. On-demand seminars do have viewing expiration dates, so be sure to take not of the date of purchase of any on-demand program. The State Bar of Arizona does grant interactive CLE credit for on-demand programs and Arizona attorneys may earn up to 15 credits per reporting period by viewing on-demand seminars, as defined by the MCLE rules and regulations.
What is face to face conversation? Discuss its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
MEANING: Face to face communication is an important medium of oral communication. Everyday people exchange their ideas and opinions through Face to face communication whenever they get chance. When one person discusses his views, opinion to another person and exchanges their views in the presence of both then it is called face to face conversation. It also includes the face-to-face discussion on a particular issue.
DEFINITATION: Face-to-face interaction is defined as the mutual influence of individuals’ direct physical presence with his/her body language.[2] Face-to-face interaction is one of the basic elements of the social system, forming a significant part of individual socialization and experience gaining throughout one’s lifetime.
“when two or more persons talk to each other and see each other physically, it can be termed as face to face Communication. It is one kind of two-way oral communication as both the parties are involved here in conversation.” Business Communication
Study of face-to-face interaction is defined as the process of recording and analyzing the reactive pattern of individuals when they are involved in a face-to-face interaction.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION
Face to face communication is an informal oral communication technique. It has some unique characteristics that are not found in other communication methods. The important characteristics of face- to- face conversation are discussed below-
Straight Communication: The important feature of Face to face communication is that it is very much direct or straight. The parties involved in Face to face communication exchange message directly without using any media. No other communication technique is as direct as it is.
Informal: Face to face communication is very informal. Under this method the sender and the receiver exchange message freely and openly. No formalities are maintained here.
Mutual Relation: Face to face communication depends on the mutual relationship between the sender and receiver of the message. Nobody can interfere in such type of communication.
No Cost Communication: Face to face communication is a no cost communication in nature as it does not require any instrumental arrangements.
Widely Used: In most of the cases, communication takes place in the form of face to face conversation. Because of its inherent nature, it is widely used in every sphere of life.
Word of Mouth Effect: Another important characteristic of Face to face communication is that it produces huge word of mouth effect. It helps to spread the negative and positive news about anything of the message.
No Legal Base: Face to face communication or communication does not have any legal acceptability as it is not written. Face to face communication is almost like invisible communication.
Spread of Rumor: Face to face communication often helps to spread rumor that may create negative image of the organization.
Effect of Facial Expression: Another important characteristic of Face to face communication or communication is that here the facial expression of the sender and the receiver has immense effect of the entire communication or conversation process.
Instant Feedback: An important nature of face to face communication is that it produces instant and quick feedback.
ADVANTAGES OF FACE-TO-FACE CONVERSATION:
Responses immediately: When people communicate each other in person, they can get a response immediately without misunderstanding. During the conversation, people can not only hear a response from others, also see how they are feeling; people can guest what will take place next, how the conversation is about, which is very important to have a successful talk.
Express of feelings: Using face-to-face communication helps people express their feelings, ideas much better. Instead of using words only when people choose letters, emails or phone for communication, people can use eye contact, verbal language in order to show their opinions. Scientists show that more than seventy percent people use body or verbal language in communicating; thus, it’s very important for people use actions to express views.
Suitable for respect: Face-to-face communication enjoys yet another distracts advantage, the message being communicated also gets the assistance of facial expressions and gestures.
Suitable for discussion: Face-to-face communication is particularly suitable for discussion, for there is immediate feedback from the listener. Face-to-face communication provides the speaker with a much better opportunity for adjustment. A twist of the lips, a frown on the forehead, a contraction of the facial muscles point out that the message is not welcomed, then changes of tone or sympathetically looking is to be needed. These adjustments are possible only in face-to-face communication.
Conversation to learn: We learn a great deal via conversation, including conversations with ourselves. We learn highly valuable life lessons.
Conversation to coordinate: Coordinating our action in ways that are mutually beneficial. Anytime we negotiate one favor for another, we use conversation to reach an agreement to transact.
Collaborate: Coordination of action assumes relatively clear goals, but many times social interaction involves the negotiation of goals. Conversation is a requisite for agreeing on goals, as well as for agreeing upon and coordinating our actions.
DISADVANTAGES OF FACE-TO-FACE CONVERSATION
The limitations of face-to-face communication are given below:
Difficult to practice in a large-sized organization: Face-to-face communication is extremely difficult to practice in large-sized organizations, particularly if their various units or departments are situated at different places.
Not effective in large gatherings: It is very difficult to get a message across to large gatherings. Even though the speaker is addressing them face-to-face, the vital personal touch is missing. In the absence of a satisfactory feedback, his speech lapse into a monologue.
Ineffective if the listener is not attentive: A limitation which the face-to-face communication shares with oral communication is that its effectiveness is closely linked with the listener’s attentiveness. Since human beings can listen to grasp the message faster than the speed at which they are delivered, they will easily get delivered thus making communication ineffective.
The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviours to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else.
A message that is given to someone: a letter, telephone call, etc.
The ways of sending information to people by using technology.
DEFINITION:
“Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individuals and/or organizations so that an understanding response results”.
According to Newman and Summer,
“It is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons”.
What is Non Verbal Communication?
Non-verbal communication consists of all the messages other than words that are used in communication.
Nonverbal communication entails communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages. These messages usually reinforce verbal communication, but they can also convey thoughts and feelings on their own.
Types of Non-Verbal Communication:
Facial Expressions
Gestures
Paralinguistic
Body Language and Posture
Proxemics
Eye Gaze
Haptics
Appearance
Silence
What is intra personal Communication?
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION: This communication occurs within the individuals brain in the form of internal dialogue, as one cannot stop communicating with himself. Intrapersonal communication is the intrapsychic dialogue that often takes place in our heads. The content or text of intrapersonal communication consists of thoughts. The medium or channel of this kind of communication is neurological chemical apparatus through which talks are proceed in the brain.
Definition: Intra-personal communication is a process in which people communicate with themselves either consciously or unconsciously.
What is formal and informal communication?
The Formal Communication is the exchange of official information that flows along the different levels of the organizational hierarchy and conforms to the prescribed professional rules, policy, standards, processes and regulations of the organization.
The formal communication follows a proper predefined channel of communication and is deliberately controlled. It is governed by the chain of command and complies with all the organizational conventional rules.
Definition: The Informal Communication is the casual and unofficial form of communication wherein the information is exchanged spontaneously between two or more persons without conforming the prescribed official rules, processes, system, formalities and chain of command.
The informal communications are based on the personal or informal relations such as friends, peers, family, club members, etc. . In the business context, the informal communication is called as a “grapevine” as it is difficult to define the beginning and end of the communication.
OR
Formal and informal communication both are important and effective. Formal communication strictly follows rules and regulation prescribed by organization. On the contrary, Informal communication does not maintain any rule and regulation.
Formal and Informal communication both can be effective communication for an organization if the Management can handle those properly. Although Informal communication is out of control of Management. But strategic planning may help to make it fruitful for organizational purpose.
What is interpersonal communication?
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION: This level of communication includes ideas or information’s shared by people. This can assume in the form of face to face conversation, video conference, and telephonic talk and soon. It takes place in our day to day life. This level of communication is beneficiary as doubts can be clarified instantly and immediate feedback is possible. Interpersonal communication depends on the chemistry between two parties involved. The environment and cultural context also play their vital role. Besides it can be formal and informal .Interpersonal communication takes place between a person and someone else or some others in a relatively small collection of people. Sometimes the communicators are acquainted, as at a dinner party, and sometimes they are not, as when strangers speak on the street, on a bus, or in a supermarket.
Definition:: communication between two or more people is called as inter-personal communication.
What is formal communication?
FORMAL COMMUNICATION:
Communication through the chain of command is known as formal communication.
Definition: The Formal Communication is the exchange of official information that flows along the different levels of the organizational hierarchy and conforms to the prescribed professional rules, policy, standards, processes and regulations of the organization.
The formal communication follows a proper predefined channel of communication and is deliberately controlled. It is governed by the chain of command and complies with all the organizational conventional rules.
What is informal communication?
Definition: The Informal Communication is the casual and unofficial form of communication wherein the information is exchanged spontaneously between two or more persons without conforming the prescribed official rules, processes, system, formalities and chain of command.
The informal communications are based on the personal or informal relations such as friends, peers, family, club members, etc. and thus is free from the organizational conventional rules and other formalities. In the business context, the informal communication is called as a “grapevine” as it is difficult to define the beginning and end of the communication.
What is verbal communication?
Meaning: Verbal communication refers to the utilization of words to express ourselves in front of other people.
Definition: The Verbal Communication is a type of oral communication wherein the message is transmitted through the spoken words. Here the sender gives words in the form of feelings, thoughts, ideas and opinions and expresses them through speeches, discussions, presentations, and conversations.
What is effective communication?
Effective Communication is defined as the ability to convey information to others effectively and efficiently. Hotel managers with good verbal, nonverbal and written communication skills help facilitate the sharing of information between people within an hotel for its commercial benefit.
Effective Communication will help to Construct and Foster Sustainable and Productive Relationship.
It will give space to Innovations
It help to Build an Effective Team
It leads to Effective Management
It Contributes to the Overall Growth of the Organization
What is the process of communication?
Definition: The Communication is a two-way process wherein the message in the form of ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions is transmitted between two or more persons with the intent of creating a shared understanding.
Communication Process
The communication is a dynamic process that begins with the conceptualizing of ideas by the sender who then transmits the message through a channel to the receiver, who in turn gives the feedback in the form of some message or signal within the given time frame. Thus, there are Seven major elements of communication process:
Define medium of communication?
In the communication process, a medium is a channel or system of communication—the means by which information (the message) is transmitted between a speaker or writer (the sender) and an audience (the receiver). The plural form is media, and the term is also known as a channel.
The medium used to send a message may range from an individual’s voice, writing, clothing, and body language to forms of mass communication such as newspapers, television, and the internet.
What is the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication?
Verbal communication
Non-verbal communication
Exchange of information by words
Exchange of information by wordless clues
Has less chance of confusion
Has high chance of confusion
It is easy to understand
It is difficult to understand
It is highly structured and formal
It lacks structure and highly informal
The presence of two persons is not necessary
The presence of two persons are necessary
PART – B
UNIT- 1
Explain in detail the Process of Communication.
Communication is a natural instinct of all living creatures. It is the basic need of all human beings. It plays all the more significant role in the present day organizations which are complex, dynamic and socially oriented. Effective communication keeps the organization vibrant, vital and smooth.
Meaning:
The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviours to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else.
A message that is given to someone: a letter, telephone call, etc.
The ways of sending information to people by using technology.
DEFINITION:
“Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individuals and/or organizations so that an understanding response results”.
According to Newman and Summer,
“It is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons”.
OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNICATION:
To give and receive information.
Conveying the Right Message.
Coordination of Effort.
Good Industrial Relations.
Development of Managerial Skills.
Effectiveness of Policies.
To Provide Advice.
To Receive Suggestions.
To Persuade People.
To Motivate People.
Communication Process
The communication is a dynamic process that begins with the conceptualizing of ideas by the sender who then transmits the message through a channel to the receiver, who in turn gives the feedback in the form of some message or signal within the given time frame. Thus, there are Seven major elements of communication process:
Sender: The sender or the communicator is the person who initiates the conversation and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey it to others.
Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding process wherein he uses certain words or non-verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to translate the information into a message. The sender’s knowledge, skills, perception, background, competencies, etc. has a great impact on the success of the message.
Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message that he intends to convey. The message can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.
Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the medium through which he wants to convey his message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient. The choice of medium depends on the interpersonal relationships between the sender and the receiver and also on the urgency of the message being sent. Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture, etc. are some of the commonly used communication mediums.
Receiver: The receiver is the person for whom the message is intended or targeted. He tries to comprehend it in the best possible manner such that the communication objective is attained. The degree to which the receiver decodes the message depends on his knowledge of the subject matter, experience, trust and relationship with the sender.
Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender’s message and tries to understand it in the best possible manner. An effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the message in exactly the same way as it was intended by the sender.
Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the process that ensures the receiver has received the message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender. It increases the effectiveness of the communication as it permits the sender to know the efficacy of his message. The response of the receiver can be verbal or non-verbal.
What are the different Communication Mediums?/ types of communication
Definition: The Communication is a two-way process wherein the message in the form of ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions is transmitted between two or more persons with the intent of creating a shared understanding.
“Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individuals and/or organizations so that an understanding response results”.
According to Newman and Summer,
“It is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons”.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:
Communication is widely divided into Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication.
Verbal communication entails the use of words in delivering the intended message. The two major forms of verbal communication include written and oral communication.
Written Communication: Written communication includes traditional pen and paper letters and documents, typed electronic documents, e-mails, text chats, SMS and anything else conveyed through written symbols such as language. This type of communication is indispensable for formal business communications and issuing legal instructions.
Communication forms that predominantly use written communication include handbooks, brochures, contracts, memos, press releases, formal business proposals, and the like. The effectiveness of written communication depends on the writing style, grammar, vocabulary, and clarity.
Oral Communication: The other form of verbal communication is the spoken word, either face-to-face or through phone, voice chat, video conferencing or any other medium. Various forms of informal communications such as the grapevine or informal rumor mill, and formal communications such as lectures, conferences are forms of oral communication. Oral communication finds use in discussions and causal and informal conversations. The effectiveness of oral conversations depends on the clarity of speech, voice modulation, pitch, volume, speed, and even non-verbal communications such as body language and visual cues.
Verbal communication makes the process of conveying thoughts easier and faster, and it remains the most successful form of communication. Yet, this makes up only seven percent of all human communication!
Nonverbal communication entails communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages. These messages usually reinforce verbal communication, but they can also convey thoughts and feelings on their own.
Facial expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. The look on a person’s face is often the first thing we see, even before we hear what they have to say.
While nonverbal communication and behavior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are similar throughout the world.
Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communicate meaning without words. Common gestures include waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate numeric amounts. Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture.
Paralinguistic refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language. This includes factors such as tone of voice, loudness, inflection and pitch. Consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might interpret approval and enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone of voice might convey disapproval and a lack of interest.
Consider all the different ways simply changing your tone of voice might change the meaning of a sentence. A friend might ask you how you are doing, and you might respond with the standard “I’m fine,” but how you actually say those words might reveal a tremendous amount of how you are really feeling.
A cold tone of voice might suggest that you are actually not fine, but you don’t wish to discuss it. A bright, happy tone of voice will reveal that you are actually doing quite well. A somber, downcast tone would indicate that you are the opposite of fine and that perhaps your friend should inquire further.
Posture and movement can also convey a great deal on information. Research on body language has grown significantly since the 1970’s, but popular media have focused on the over-interpretation of defensive postures, arm-crossing, and leg-crossing. While these nonverbal behaviors can indicate feelings and attitudes, research suggests that body language is far more subtle and less definitive that previously believed.
People often refer to their need for “personal space,” which is also an important type of nonverbal communication. The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social norms, cultural expectations, situational factors, personality characteristics, and level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. On the other hand, the personal distance needed when speaking to a crowd of people is around 10 to 12 feet.
The eyes play an important role in nonverbal communication and such things as looking, staring and blinking are important nonverbal behaviors. When people encounter people or things that they like, the rate of blinking increases and pupils dilate. Looking at another person can indicate a range of emotions including hostility, interest, and attraction.
People also utilize eye gaze a means to determine if someone is being honest. Normal, steady eye contact is often taken as a sign that a person is telling the truth and is trustworthy. Shifty eyes and an inability to maintain eye contact, on the other hand, is frequently seen as an indicator that someone is lying or being deceptive.
Communicating through touch is another important nonverbal behavior. There has been a substantial amount of research on the importance of touch in infancy and early childhood. Researchers have found that high-status individuals tend to invade other people’s personal space with greater frequency and intensity than lower-status individuals. Sex differences also play a role in how people utilize touch to communicate meaning. Women tend to use touch to convey care, concern, and nurturance. Men, on the other hand, are more likely to use touch to assert power or control over others.
Our choice of color, clothing, hairstyles, and other factors affecting appearance are also considered a means of nonverbal communication. Research on psychology has demonstrated that different colors can evoke different moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgments, and interpretations. Just think of all the subtle judgments you quickly make about someone based on his or her appearance. These first impressions are important, which is why experts suggest that job seekers dress appropriately for interviews with potential employers.
Researchers have found that appearance can play a role in how people are perceived and even how much they earn. One 1996 study found that attorneys who were rated as more attractive than their peers earned nearly 15 percent more than those ranked as less attractive. Culture is an important influence on how appearances are judged. While thinness tends to be valued in Western cultures, some African cultures relate full-figured bodies to better health, wealth, and social status.
I. Silence
Silence, or the lack of sound, is a form of nonverbal communication as well. Silence can communicate a lack of understanding or even hard feelings in a face-to-face discussion.
What are the principles of Communication?
Principles of Effective Communication – Clarity in Ideas, Appropriate Language, Attention, Consistency, Adequacy, Proper Time, Informality, Feedback and a Few Others
The chief purpose of communication is the exchange of ideas among various people working in the organisation. The process of communication should be helpful in an effective exchange of information. The remedies for the removal of barriers in communication also point towards effective communication.
An effective communication system is based on the following principles:
(1) Principle of Clarity in Ideas:
First of all it should be clear in the mind of the sender as to what he wants to say. According to Terry the principle of effective communication is ‘first to fully inform oneself.’ The clearer the thought the more effective is the communication.
(2) Principle of Appropriate Language:
According to this principle, the communication should always be in a simple language. Ideas should be clear and be devoid of any doubt. Technical words and words having various meanings should be used to the minimum.
(3) Principle of Attention:
The purpose of communication is that the receiver of information should clearly understand its meaning. It means merely transferring information is not communication and it is important that the receiver should understand it. This is possible only when the receiver takes interest in the message and listens to it attentively.
(4) Principle of Consistency:
According to this principle, communication system should maintain consistency in the objectives of the enterprise, its procedures and processes. It means communication should be in accordance with the policies laid down for it.
(5) Principle of Adequacy:
The information sent to the receiver should be sufficient and complete in every respect. Information more than the need or less than the need is harmful. In the context of business incomplete information is dangerous. The sufficiency of information depends on the ability of the receiver. If the receiver happens to be capable more information can be given with the help of a few words. On the contrary, in case of a less capable receiver more details are needed.
(6) Principle of Proper Time:
The messages should reach the receiver whenever they are needed. Late messages are meaningless and the utility of communication is ended. Hence, the message should be sent before the actual need keeping in mind the time required for communication.
(7) Principle of Informality:
Formal communication has a prominent place among the channels of communication but informal communication is not less important. There are some problems which cannot be solved with formal communication but informal communication does succeed in solving them. Therefore, informal communication should also be given recognition in the organisation.
(8) Principle of Feedback:
It is essential for the sender of the message that he should know about the success of the message. It means that he should see whether the receiver has understood the message or not. Feedback is easily obtained in a face to face communication with the help of the facial reactions of the receiver. In the written communication the sender can get the feedback by using appropriate means.
(9) Principle of Integration:
Communication should be able to introduce all the employees in the enterprise with its objectives so that all the employees move unitedly towards the goal.
(10) Principle of Consultation:
The suggestions of all the persons concerned should be invited while making plans for communication. The obvious benefit of such a move will be that all those who are invited while making plans for communication and taken into confidence will contribute to the success of the communication system. Planning for communication aims at determining as to when, how and through what medium communication is to be done among people working at different levels.
(11) Principle of Flexibility:
Communication system should be able to absorb the changes in the organisation. A communication system that cannot absorb changes according to the need becomes meaningless.
(12) Principle of Economy:
Communication system should not be unnecessarily costly. As far as possible unnecessary messages should be reduced to the minimum to make communication economical. No single employee should be burdened with the work of communication.
(13) Principle of Proper Medium:
In order to make communication effective it is necessary not only to have clarity of ideas, consistency and completeness but also to make a proper choice of medium. For example- the managers should make use of oral communication for individual communication and written communication for policy matters.
Effective communication means communication free from barriers. Though ideal communication free from all barriers is seldom achieved, communicators should acquire communication skills and enhance effectiveness of their communication.
UNIT- 2
Write about the usage of First Name.
First name: first name is also known as forename. It is the part of a personal name that was given to a person when he was born
It important to know the name of your guest because it’s an indication that you have paid attention to them. Using a person’s name makes them feel important and validated. A person’s name is the greatest connection to their own identity and individuality. Therefore it is important to take permission before addressing any person with their first name. First name is always used to address colleagues, clients and boss at work.
Give two examples of polite expressions: 1. Apology 2. Agreement
Examples of polite expressions:
Apology 2. Agreement
Apology: An apology is something that you say or write in order to tell someone that you are sorry to hurt or trouble them. It is also an expression of regret for not being able to do something.
Expressions for Apology:
I apologize for …
I am sorry for ….
It’s all my fault…
Excuse me for ….
Agreement: Agreement means the act of coming to a mutual understanding between two or more persons. It is a meeting of the minds for a common settlement. Based on the agreement done, the task is accomplished.
Expressions for agreement:
I agree with you entirely….
I am of the same opinion…
That’s exactly what I think…
I absolutely agree with you ….
What is Group Communication?
Group Communication: Groups communication is interaction and exchange of information between people who are a member of a group.
Write polite expressions for agreement and disagreement.
Agreement: Agreement means the act of coming to a mutual understanding between two or more persons. It is a meeting of the minds for a common settlement. Based on the agreement done, the task is accomplished.
Expressions for agreement:
I agree with you entirely….
I am of the same opinion…
That’s exactly what I think…
I absolutely agree with you ….
Disagreement: Disagreement is the failure of mutual understanding between the parties. Difference of opinion and refusal of ideas is seen here. There will not be any settlement and thus, task can’t be achieved.
Expressions for disagreement:
I don’t agree with you…
I’m sorry, but I disagree…
I’m afraid, I can’t agree with you..
I am of a different opinion because…
What is face to face Conversation?
MEANING: Face to face communication is an important medium of oral communication. Everyday people exchange their ideas and opinions through Face to face communication whenever they get chance. When one person discusses his views, opinion to another person and exchanges their views in the presence of both then it is called face to face conversation. It also includes the face-to-face discussion on a particular issue.
DEFINITATION: Face-to-face interaction is defined as the mutual influence of individuals’ direct physical presence with his/her body language.[2] Face-to-face interaction is one of the basic elements of the social system, forming a significant part of individual socialization and experience gaining throughout one’s lifetime.
“when two or more persons talk to each other and see each other physically, it can be termed as face to face Communication. It is one kind of two-way oral communication as both the parties are involved here in conversation.” Business Communication
Study of face-to-face interaction is defined as the process of recording and analyzing the reactive pattern of individuals when they are involved in a face-to-face interaction.
What is Seminar?
MEANING:
A seminar is a group meeting led by an expert that focuses on a specific topic or discipline, such as business, job searches or a university field such as literature. Seminars typically take place over the course of a few days and involve cooperative discussion, multiple speakers and opportunities to share perspectives and issues related to the topic. Attending a seminar has numerous benefits, including improving communication skills, gaining expert knowledge, networking with others and renewing motivation and confidence.
DEFENATION:
A seminar may be defined as a gathering of people for the purpose of discussing a stated topic. Such gatherings are usually interactive sessions where the participants engage in discussions about the delineated topic. The sessions are usually headed or led by one or two presenters who serve to steer the discussion along the desired path.
What is a conference?
A conference is a gathering of many people who talk about a specific subject or topic. People meet to confer about a theme. All the people who attend have a common interest.
Conference is conducted to resolve the problem of an organization, to evaluate the progress and improve the organization based on the evaluation, to improve the competitive position, to come up with creative ideas to increase their customers.
Who is a Public Relation Officer?
Public Relation Officer (PRO)
A public relation officer (PRO) is a person in an organization responsible for public relations activities. A PRO is highly required for an organization for the purpose of building rapport with customers, investors, voters, general public as well as organization employees.
Public relations officers use a wide range of media to build and sustain a good image for a company, organisation or brand through planned publicity campaigns and PR activity.
PART – B
UNIT- 2
What is Seminar? Discuss in detail.
WHAT IS A SEMINAR?
MEANING:
A seminar is a group meeting led by an expert that focuses on a specific topic or discipline, such as business, job searches or a university field such as literature. Seminars typically take place over the course of a few days and involve cooperative discussion, multiple speakers and opportunities to share perspectives and issues related to the topic. Attending a seminar has numerous benefits, including improving communication skills, gaining expert knowledge, networking with others and renewing motivation and confidence.
DEFENATION:
A seminar may be defined as a gathering of people for the purpose of discussing a stated topic. Such gatherings are usually interactive sessions where the participants engage in discussions about the delineated topic. The sessions are usually headed or led by one or two presenters who serve to steer the discussion along the desired path.
PURPOSE OF A SEMINAR
A seminar may have several purposes or just one purpose. For instance, a seminar may be for the purpose of education, such as a lecture, where the participants engage in the discussion of an academic subject for the aim of gaining a better insight into the subject. Other forms of educational seminars might be held to impart some skills or knowledge to the participants. Examples of such seminars include personal finance, web marketing, real estate, investing or other types of seminars where the participants gain knowledge or tips about the topic of discussion.
Of course, a seminar can be motivational, in which case the purpose is usually to inspire the attendees to become better people, or to work towards implementing the skills they might have learned from the seminar. For instance, a business seminar with a financial theme could be for the purpose of teaching small business owners how to pitch to investors or to write a solid business plan, and to motivate them to get started right away.
Sometimes, seminars are simply a way for businessmen and women, or other like-minded people, to network and meet other attendees with similar interests. Such seminars provide opportunities for the attendees to make some potentially valuable contacts that can help them move to the next level in their careers or endeavors.
A trade seminar brings a wide cross-section of the community together, such as government officials, businessmen and women and the general public. Such seminars often consist of workshops and the presentation of white papers. They are usually held for the purpose of networking with various vendors and making new connections.
PLANNING A SEMINAR
The first step towards planning an effective seminar is to determine what the purpose of the seminar will be.
Think about the target audience who will participate and what they stand to gain from attending the seminar.
Every seminar must have an agenda, so determine what the agenda will be.
Set a budget for the seminar and work within this budget, and don’t get too carried away with the selection of venue and other considerations that could potentially cost money.
TYPES OF SEMINARS
Live Seminars
Live seminars are presentations in various areas of practice with actual presenters following a published schedule. Live seminars provide opportunities for interaction with the faculty members considered experts in the subject area, and time for Q & A is generally built into the seminar schedule. Live seminars are most often conducted at the Phoenix Convention Center in downtown Phoenix.
Video Replay
A video replay is a scheduled replay of a live presentation. For each scheduled replay there is a live moderator that is present for part of or the entire seminar to make the replay eligible for interactive CLE credit.
Live Webcast
Live webcasts are presentations in various areas of practice with actual presenters in a live studio setting. Attendees participate via a web portal on their computer. These seminars are presented live at the scheduled time, and provide an opportunity through a link to submit questions to the presenter/s. CLE West webcasts are usually 5-7 hours in length and are a great way to get your CLE credits without having to leave your desk.
Before you participate in a webcast, it is important that you make sure you have the proper software and hardware requirements.
Webinar
Live webinars are presentations in various areas of practice with actual presenters in a live studio setting that are offered online only. Attendees participate via a web portal on their computer. These seminars are presented live at the scheduled time, and provide an opportunity through a link to submit questions to the presenter/s. CLE West webcasts are usually 1-3 hours in length and are a great way to get your CLE credits without having to leave your desk.
Before you participate in a webinar, it is important that you make sure you have the proper software and hardware requirements.
On Demand
On-demand seminars are recorded presentations of live webcasts, webinars, and seminars that you can watch at your leisure. Resource materials typically accompany these programs. On-demand seminars do have viewing expiration dates, so be sure to take not of the date of purchase of any on-demand program. The State Bar of Arizona does grant interactive CLE credit for on-demand programs and Arizona attorneys may earn up to 15 credits per reporting period by viewing on-demand seminars, as defined by the MCLE rules and regulations.
What is face to face conversation? Discuss its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
MEANING: Face to face communication is an important medium of oral communication. Everyday people exchange their ideas and opinions through Face to face communication whenever they get chance. When one person discusses his views, opinion to another person and exchanges their views in the presence of both then it is called face to face conversation. It also includes the face-to-face discussion on a particular issue.
DEFINITATION: Face-to-face interaction is defined as the mutual influence of individuals’ direct physical presence with his/her body language.[2] Face-to-face interaction is one of the basic elements of the social system, forming a significant part of individual socialization and experience gaining throughout one’s lifetime.
“when two or more persons talk to each other and see each other physically, it can be termed as face to face Communication. It is one kind of two-way oral communication as both the parties are involved here in conversation.” Business Communication
Study of face-to-face interaction is defined as the process of recording and analyzing the reactive pattern of individuals when they are involved in a face-to-face interaction.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION
Face to face communication is an informal oral communication technique. It has some unique characteristics that are not found in other communication methods. The important characteristics of face- to- face conversation are discussed below-
Straight Communication: The important feature of Face to face communication is that it is very much direct or straight. The parties involved in Face to face communication exchange message directly without using any media. No other communication technique is as direct as it is.
Informal: Face to face communication is very informal. Under this method the sender and the receiver exchange message freely and openly. No formalities are maintained here.
Mutual Relation: Face to face communication depends on the mutual relationship between the sender and receiver of the message. Nobody can interfere in such type of communication.
No Cost Communication: Face to face communication is a no cost communication in nature as it does not require any instrumental arrangements.
Widely Used: In most of the cases, communication takes place in the form of face to face conversation. Because of its inherent nature, it is widely used in every sphere of life.
Word of Mouth Effect: Another important characteristic of Face to face communication is that it produces huge word of mouth effect. It helps to spread the negative and positive news about anything of the message.
No Legal Base: Face to face communication or communication does not have any legal acceptability as it is not written. Face to face communication is almost like invisible communication.
Spread of Rumor: Face to face communication often helps to spread rumor that may create negative image of the organization.
Effect of Facial Expression: Another important characteristic of Face to face communication or communication is that here the facial expression of the sender and the receiver has immense effect of the entire communication or conversation process.
Instant Feedback: An important nature of face to face communication is that it produces instant and quick feedback.
ADVANTAGES OF FACE-TO-FACE CONVERSATION:
Responses immediately: When people communicate each other in person, they can get a response immediately without misunderstanding. During the conversation, people can not only hear a response from others, also see how they are feeling; people can guest what will take place next, how the conversation is about, which is very important to have a successful talk.
Express of feelings: Using face-to-face communication helps people express their feelings, ideas much better. Instead of using words only when people choose letters, emails or phone for communication, people can use eye contact, verbal language in order to show their opinions. Scientists show that more than seventy percent people use body or verbal language in communicating; thus, it’s very important for people use actions to express views.
Suitable for respect: Face-to-face communication enjoys yet another distracts advantage, the message being communicated also gets the assistance of facial expressions and gestures.
Suitable for discussion: Face-to-face communication is particularly suitable for discussion, for there is immediate feedback from the listener. Face-to-face communication provides the speaker with a much better opportunity for adjustment. A twist of the lips, a frown on the forehead, a contraction of the facial muscles point out that the message is not welcomed, then changes of tone or sympathetically looking is to be needed. These adjustments are possible only in face-to-face communication.
Conversation to learn: We learn a great deal via conversation, including conversations with ourselves. We learn highly valuable life lessons.
Conversation to coordinate: Coordinating our action in ways that are mutually beneficial. Anytime we negotiate one favor for another, we use conversation to reach an agreement to transact.
Collaborate: Coordination of action assumes relatively clear goals, but many times social interaction involves the negotiation of goals. Conversation is a requisite for agreeing on goals, as well as for agreeing upon and coordinating our actions.
DISADVANTAGES OF FACE-TO-FACE CONVERSATION
The limitations of face-to-face communication are given below:
Difficult to practice in a large-sized organization: Face-to-face communication is extremely difficult to practice in large-sized organizations, particularly if their various units or departments are situated at different places.
Not effective in large gatherings: It is very difficult to get a message across to large gatherings. Even though the speaker is addressing them face-to-face, the vital personal touch is missing. In the absence of a satisfactory feedback, his speech lapse into a monologue.
Ineffective if the listener is not attentive: A limitation which the face-to-face communication shares with oral communication is that its effectiveness is closely linked with the listener’s attentiveness. Since human beings can listen to grasp the message faster than the speed at which they are delivered, they will easily get delivered thus making communication ineffective.
1. There is something indeed in the earth of my garden.
Is this earth magical?
Poem and Poet: These lines are taken from the poem ‘The Magical Earth’ written by Sompooran Singh Karla, whose pen name is Gulzar’s famous Green Poems. His Green Poems in Hindi were translated into English by Pavan Kumar Varma. The poet glorifies the earth by describing her resources, richness and her great capacity to give.
Context and Meaning: Gulzar praises the giving nature of the earth. He expresses his surprise at the earth’s capacity to give us so many things. He terms this capacity poetically as magical. He opens the poem with the statement that the earth in his garden really has something. And this applies to earth everywhere and anywhere. And he asks then a question innocently. “Is this earth Magical?” He does not wait for an answer. He knows it and possible to explain. Yet, the question itself speaks volumes about the glory of the earth. Gulzar’s poetic skill becomes evident in these lines.
Critical Appreciation: “The Green Poem” speaks about the richness of the earth. Gulzar’s poetic skill is clearly visible as he cites simple examples. He makes us realize truths like the earth being a consumer, a giver and a beneficiary of mankind.
2. If I ask for a flower it gives me pink flowers.
Poem and Poet: These lines are taken from the poem ‘The Magical Earth’ written by Sompooran Singh Karla, whose pen name is Gulzar’s famous Green Poems. His Green Poems in Hindi were translated into English by Pavan Kumar Varma. The poet glorifies the earth by describing her resources, richness and her great capacity to give.
Context and Meaning:The poet believes that we should conserve nature to conserve ourselves. Nature always captivated him and inspired him to transform its beauty into art in his Green Poems. The poem effectively emphasizes the giving nature of the earth. He expresses his surprise at the earth’s capacity to give us so many things. He terms this capacity poetically as magical. Then he gives a long list of fruits and flowers that the earth gives us. He says if he sows a guava seed it gives guava fruits and bitter gourd seed gives bitter gourd. If he asks for a flower, the earth gives him pink flowers. Whatever colour he gives to the earth is returned to him as such. Then the poet innocently asks whether earth hidden all these colours in the soil below. He expresses his innocence by stating that he found nothing by digging it. Finally he admits that the earth knows how to do magic and like a mother knows what the child’s choice is.
Critical Appreciation: The poet keeps repeating the question “Is the Earth Magical?” He convinces us that the earth knows how to do magic. The earth’s capacity to give vividly coloured flowers is used as an illustration of her magical power.
3. I have heard that it can hide a river inside!
Poem and Poet: These lines are taken from the poem ‘The Magical Earth’ written by Sompooran Singh Karla, whose pen name is Gulzar’s famous Green Poems. His Green Poems in Hindi were translated into English by Pavan Kumar Varma. The poet glorifies the earth by describing her resources, richness and her great capacity to give.
Context and Meaning:He says that the earth absorbs everything like sherbet or milk or water which falls on it. The poet asks innocently whether how much water it could drink and then he continues that it would gulp down whatever you give, be it from a jug or bucket. The poet expresses his wonder that the earth’s stomach never fills and that he had heard that the earth could hide a river inside. The poet’s conclusion that the earth can consume a lot yet its stomach never fills. It is filled with great resources like a river which are beneficial to the humanity. He points out that the earth does magic by hiding rivers inside it. The capacity of the earth to give is immeasurable.
Critical Appreciation: The poet emphasizes the richness and capacity of mother earth. With a childlike wonder and innocence he exclaims that the earth hide a mighty river inside.
4. Otherwise why is the bamboo tasteless and the sugarcane sweet.
Poem and Poet: These lines are taken from the poem ‘The Magical Earth’ written by Sompooran Singh Karla, whose pen name is Gulzar’s famous Green Poems. His Green Poems in Hindi were translated into English by Pavan Kumar Varma. The poet glorifies the earth by describing her resources, richness and her great capacity to give.
Context and Meaning:The poet wants us to understand that the earth i.e., the environment has become part and parcel of one’s life. He says that we get different kinds of fruits like pomegranates, plums and mangoes which vary in their sweetness. He explains the variety and differences in taste i.e. frits are sweet, lemons are sour. Though the fruits taste sweet, leaves are tasteless. He concludes by stating that bamboos are tasteless but sugarcane is sweet. Undoubtedly it is only the magic of the earth that gives us various fruits, vegetables with varied flavours and tastes. He explains the glory and capacity of the earth which is remarkable, immeasurable and ultimate.
Critical Appreciation: Gulzar while praising the variety and richness of the earth, also expresses his gratitude for the environment which has sustained the human beings for centuries together. The capacity of the earth and her diversity is remarkable and immeasurable.
PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS:
The earth knows how to do magic! Support this statement with examples from the poem.
Ans: The poem ‘The Magical Earth’ was written by Gulzar. He was the winner of Sahitya Academy Award and Padma Bhushan. Gulzar believes in: conserve nature to conserver ourselves. Nature always captivated him, and inspired him. He affirms that the earth knows how to do magic. Gulzar says that he is paying back to the environment through his green poems.
Gulzar pays glorious tributes to the earth in his poem ‘The Magical Earth’. He says that the earth has some magical powers in it. He asserts that the earth knows how to do magic. He says that if you give guava seeds to the earth, it gives guava fruits. You are sure to get the same fruit if you plant that particular seed. The same is the case with many coloured flowers. Does the earth have all these fruits vegetables and flowers inside it? He says he has deep to find out. But he could not find anything. It is only the magic of the earth that gives us various fruits, vegetables and flowers. The capacity of the earth to give is immeasurable.
2. What tricks does the earth show, according to Gulzar?
Ans: The poem ‘The Magical Earth’ was written by Gulzar. He was the winner of Sahitya Academy Award and Padma Bhushan. Gulzar believes in: conserve nature to conserver ourselves. Nature always captivated him, and inspired him. He affirms that the earth knows how to do magic. Gulzar says that he is paying back to the environment through his green poems.
According to the poet, the earth does many magical things. They include the earth skill fully balancing tall coconut trees on its fingers when there are strong gusty winds trying to uproot them. The earth gulps down any quantity of water or milk that falls on its surface. It’s truly amazing that it has a huge stomach that can hide even a river inside. Theearth has the capacity to make the fruits sweet, and at the same time, the leaves tasteless. The poet further adds that the earth gives us various colorfulflowers. He feelsthat the earth has a sugar godown or rocks of lime beneath it. The poet wonders where from, the earth gets the splendid variety of sweetness in pomegranates, plums and mangoes. He is all praise for the magical earth that can make the bamboo tasteless but the sugarcane sweet.
‘I am your teacher and I think it right and proper that I should let you know something of my plans for the class’.
Lesson and Author:This sentence is taken from the story “To Sir, With Love”. The lesson is an extract from the widely read autobiographical novel, written by E.R.Braithwaite. His experiences as a teacher in the east end of London formed for this novel. The novel serves as an excellent practical lesson to empower teachers and learners.
Context and Meaning: The speaker is a teacher who is new to the school. He is shocked to see that the students are ill bred, indifferent and even hostile. On the second day, he plans a different approach. He is merely speculative about what he is planning to do but is determined to carry it out. He says that as the class teacher he has made some plans. He requests them to listen patiently to him and promises a frank discussion. He assures them that they will get a chance to share their opinions without interruption from his side.
Critical Appreciation: This line clearly brings forth the challenges that a new teacher faces his initial misgivings as he tackles them. It also illustrates how a caring, motivated teacher establishes an easy rapport with his students.
2. Then to my surprise and I must confess to my relief, she opened it quietly and with a grace and dignity that would have befitted a queen, she walked to her seat.
Lesson and Author: This sentence is taken from the story “To Sir, With Love”. The lesson is an extract from the widely read autobiographical novel, written by E.R.Braithwaite. His experiences as a teacher in the east end of London formed for this novel. The novel serves as an excellent practical lesson to empower teachers and learners.
Context and Meaning: The teacher proceeds with his address to the students on the second day at school hoping that his new strategy would bring about a change in their behavior and attitude. He wants to treat them not as children but as adults as they will be out of school very soon. As such certain high standards of conduct are expected of them. At this point of his address, the door is flung open and a student by name Pamela dare strides into the room in a clumsy manner and sits down. The teacher continues his address citing this as an example of discourteous behavior. The teacher asks her to go out and enter in a dignified manner. He is not sure the girl will oblige. She looks angry and humiliated. But to surprise Pamela goes out. She enters the room this time with the grace and dignity of a queen. The teacher is relieved that the girl had obeyed his instructions and did not deny him.
Critical Appreciation: The author through this example impresses upon everyone that propriety and decorum in behavior are essential for every individual as they support both personal and professional growth.
3. ‘Potter, Sir’. The ‘Sir’ was somewhat delayed.
Lesson and Author: This sentence is taken from the story “To Sir, With Love”. The lesson is an extract from the widely read autobiographical novel, written by E.R.Braithwaite. His experiences as a teacher in the east end of London formed for this novel. The novel serves as an excellent practical lesson to empower teachers and learners.
Context and Meaning:The teacher realizes that he has partially won lover the students when he succeeds in making Pamela Dare to demonstrate courteous conduct. The next step is to teach them how to address him and each other. He is friendly but firm as he sets down his code of conduct. He can be addressed him as ‘Sir’. The young ladies in the class should be addressed as ‘Miss’ and the young boys by theirsurname. The students are startled on hearing this and Potter, one of the students, protests and demands to know why the girls should be addressed as ‘Miss’. The teacher asks the boy his name and he answers ‘Potter’ leaving out ‘Sir’. When the teacher pointedly repeats the question, he reluctantly answers ‘Potter Sir’ and ‘Sir’ is uttered after a pause.
Critical Appreciation:The role of a teacher comes with many challenges and the author indicates that it requires immense patience and perseverance to be accepted and respected by students.
4. ‘I am your teacher and I’m the one you should criticize if I fail to maintain the standards I demand of you.’
Lesson and Author: This sentence is taken from the story “To Sir, With Love”. The lesson is an extract from the widely read autobiographical novel, written by E.R.Braithwaite. His experiences as a teacher in the east end of London formed for this novel. The novel serves as an excellent practical lesson to empower teachers and learners.
Context and Meaning:The teacher reminds them towards the conclusion of his address that they are the students of thehighest class in the school. As such they must be the role models for the rest of the school. It becomesthe responsibility of the senior class to set the standards in courtesy work and deportment. As their teacher, he will be ever willing to encourage and support them. He will also abide by the same standards he has set for them. He is interrupted at this point by Miss Joseph, one of the students. She brings up the example of another teacher in the school, Mr. Weston, who is never tidy in his appearance. But Braithwaite firmly makes it clear that Mr. Weston should not be the point of discussion as he is a teacher. The students have every right to criticize and question him if he fails to maintain the standards he demands of them as he is their teacher.
Critical Appreciation: The sentence illustrates the great responsibility that rests with the teacher and the impact his conduct can exercise on the young minds.
PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS:
Describe briefly the scene between the speaker and the listeners in the story ‘To Sir, With Love’.
Ans: Edward Ricardo Braithwaite is a South American novelist, writer, teacher and diplomat. It is a moving account of the experiences of a teacher, his own misgivings about his success, the challenges that he faces and his determination to overcome them. His sincere efforts ultimately win him the trust and support of the students.
Interaction between the teacher and the students takes place in the classroom. The teacher senses the hostile atmosphere. He is well aware that he is dealing with a group of students who are discourteous and indifferent. He is determined to bring about a change in them. He has no clear cut idea about how to proceed.He is firm but understanding. He promises to treat them like adult’s not young boys and girls. He insists upon the need to be courteous and polite towards one another. He reminds them that being the top class they should be role models for the lower classes. The students are reluctant in the beginning to accept him or his ideas. But as the address proceeds, become receptive. The students are puzzled. No-one has talked to them like this. The teacher notices a perceptible change in their attitude when he concludes the address.
2. ‘You will be treated not as children, but as young men and women, by me and by each other. ‘Why does the speaker say this? Who is being addressed?
Ans: Edward Ricardo Braithwaite is a South American novelist, writer, teacher and diplomat. It is a moving account of the experiences of a teacher, his own misgivings about his success, the challenges that he faces and his determination to overcome them. His sincere efforts ultimately win him the trust and support of the students.
On the second day in the school, the teacher attempts a new strategy in dealing with his group of hostile, indifferent students. His primary business is to teach them and to make his teaching as interesting as possible. They are free to express their doubts and disagreement at any point of time during the course of teaching. They will all be leaving school within a short span of time to seek employment. With this fact in mind, the teacher decides to treat them as adults and not as small children. He expects them to have higher standards of conduct as they move out of childhood. The author not preplanned any part of the speech. It unfolds spontaneously step by step drawing a positive respo9ne from the students.
3. Explain the importance of deportment and conduct as discussed by the teacher.
Ans: Edward Ricardo Braithwaite is a South American novelist, writer, teacher and diplomat. It is a moving account of the experiences of a teacher, his own misgivings about his success, the challenges that he faces and his determination to overcome them. His sincere efforts ultimately win him the trust and support of the students.
The new teacher is shocked to see that the students are ill bred, unruly and indifferent. The teacher gradually reveals the code of conduct he has set for the top class. The first step is to address each other courteously. When they take up jobs later they will realize the value of giving and receiving these courtesies. He moves on to the next point of general deportment and conduct. The young ladies in the class should prove themselves worthy of the courtesies. The young men should feel proud to be acquainted with them. A lady teacher, Mrs. Dale Evans is entrusted with the job of bringing about certain changes in the attitude of the girls. He advises the boys to be neat and tidy in their appearance. There is nothing weak or unmanly about clean hand, faces and brushed shoes. A man’s strength is not decided by muscles, his dress or the way he cuts his hair.
Toughness is a quality of mind and cleanliness will make them look much more attractive. It takes the students a few minutes to grasp all these. But the teacher understands that he has crossed the initial hurdle and can move on with his task of mending their ways.
4. Why does the teacher emphasize the fact that the students belong to the top class?
Ans: Edward Ricardo Braithwaite is a South American novelist, writer, teacher and diplomat. It is a moving account of the experiences of a teacher, his own misgivings about his success, the challenges that he faces and his determination to overcome them. His sincere efforts ultimately win him the trust and support of the students.
The teacher senses a noticeable change in the attitude of his students as the address proceeds. He feels that the time is ripe enough to impress upon them that they are the top class. He emphasizes the word top. The word points to their responsibilities. They need to set a standard for the rest of the school. The younger ones will look up to them and imitate them. Their actions and conversations will be closely observed by the lower classes. Thus in cleanliness, deportment, courtesy and work they must prove that they are the top class. The teacher concludes the speech by saying that he has immense faith in them and they can be a fine class if only they wish so. He pledges his support and encouragement to them throughout their endeavor.
Who is Public Relation Officer? What role do they play in hotel or hospitality industry?
Ans: Public Relations
Public relations describes the various methods a company uses to spread messages about its products, services, or overall image to its customers, employees, stockholders, suppliers. The point of public relations is to make the public think favorably about the company and its offerings. Public relations involves two-way communication between an organization and its public. Commonly used tools of public relations include news releases, press conferences, speaking engagements, and community service programs.
Public Relation Officer (PRO)
A public relation officer (PRO) is a person in an organization responsible for public relations activities. A PRO is highly required for an organization for the purpose of building rapport with customers, investors, voters, general public as well as organization employees.
Public relations officers use a wide range of media to build and sustain a good image for a company, organisation or brand through planned publicity campaigns and PR activity.
Duties of a public relations officer:
Public relations officers are responsible for managing the reputation of a company. You’ll write press releases, deal with press enquiries, and sometimes manage crises. Your job could include:
Planning PR campaigns and strategies
Monitoring the public and media’s opinion of your client or employer
writing and editing leaflets, brochures, press releases, speeches, newsletters, websites and social media
Representing the company at events such as press launches, news conferences, exhibitions, open days and sponsorship
Developing good working relationships with the media
Arranging for advertising or promotional films to be produced
Public speaking at presentations, conferences, or radio and TV interviews
Key skills for public relations officers
Excellent communication skills both orally and in writing
Excellent interpersonal skills
Good IT skills
Presentation skills
Initiative
Ability to priorities and plan effectively
Awareness of different media agendas
Creativity
Teamwork
Problem solving
Patience
Time management
Customer service
Interpersonal skills
Roles played by the Public relation Officer in Hotel/Hospitality Industry:
Public relations executives are responsible for handling all aspects of planned publicity campaigns and Public Relation (PR) activities.
Tasks includes:
Planning publicity strategies and campaigns for high seasons, such as holidays and summer travel.
Writing and producing presentations and press releases in the market to attract the
Dealing with enquiries from the public, the press, and related organizations.
Organising and attending promotional events such as press conferences, open days, exhibitions, tours and visits.
Speaking publicly at interviews, press conferences and presentations.
Providing clients with information about new promotional opportunities and current PR campaigns progress.
Analysing budget covered for media coverage.
commissioning or undertaking relevant market research
Communicate with clients, managerial and journalistic staff about budgets, timescales and objectives.
Maintaining good relations with the media and public and employees.
Arranging for advertising or promotional films to be produced to attract the guests.
Plans creative initiatives to drive what’s missing during off seasons.
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