FATHER, DEAR FATHER BY RAJ KINGER

SUMMARY – INTER FIRST YEAR

FATHER, DEAR FATHER

RAJ KINGER

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION: “Father, Dear Father” by Raj Kinger is a heart-wrenching letter addressed to a father by his son. An unsent letter written by a student named Rahul to his father was published in the Hindu Newspaper as an article. Rahul was the class topper in his school who slips to the Second rank for losing a quarter marks. This letter is his anguished plea to his father who scolds him for losing his first rank. Rahul was against the Indian educational system which was characterized by rote learning without any practical exposure to the real world. He condemns the emphasis placed on examinations, marks and ranks.

CONTENT AND MEANING: This is an imaginary written by a school boy in response to his father’s letter. Rahul’s first rank slipped to second. He became annoyed with him and expressed his annoyance in his letter. Father we’ve never really been close and I can’t rightly say you’ve been my friend, philosopher, guide, etc. Please enlighten me whether literacy makes one nervous, fearful, frustrated or blooming, bold and confident.

Rahul had few reflections which he was discussing in his letter. Which goes as follows; The first reflection: the difference between the attitude of his grandfather and father.
His grandfather had a carefree and beautiful childhood. Days were spent plucking the mangoes and guavas from their orchards, having picnics on the banks of the river where the men cooked mouth-watering food, playing marbles and gilli danda. Studies then was just an ancillary/secondary subject. Living and experiencing was the major subject.
His father on the other hand in highly educated and provides well for the family. But, is far from experiencing the many little things in life. Rahul questions what’s the point of learning things like the Pythagoras’ Theorem or Newton’s Law of Gravity when he doesn’t use it in his departmental store, his doctor friend and his Lawyer brother too doesn’t use it.

His second reflection: the difference between the attitude of his grandmother and mother.
His grandmother is semi-literate but she is at peace with her pots, pans, her flowers garden, and her Bhagvad Gita. Whereas his mother is highly qualified but is tense and nervous. He ponders on whether literacy makes one restless, afraid and frustrated.

His third reflection: the attitude of his teacher teaching at school.
Rahul had gone to his Biology teacher hoping to find a solution to get rid of the pests attacking his rose plant. His teacher asked him to go ask the gardener. He finds it strange to read about pesticides and still, not to know how to use it.

He finds it frustrating to read about things like why the apple doesn’t fall upwards, what Archimedes did, hypotenuse and relational square roots when that doesn’t help him much. All he wants to know are the stuff that helps him in his daily life activities (like how to keep the rose plant healthy, how to make a desk with his carpenter’s tools and what to do when fuse trip in the house.) Things which are required are not even written in the school texts and no teacher teaches it. He feels that if he meets Newton then he wouldn’t even recognize him as he is so busy learning about him.

His fourth reflection: the act of correcting the answer sheet by his teacher.
Rahul had lost a quarter mark on the grammar section even though the answer was right. It was a fill in the blanks part wherein he wrote I was invited to tea but his teacher preferred the answer, I was invited for tea. Rahul is a student who prefers to learn for life, not for a mere examination. He uses satire and writes that if his teacher says George Bush is the president of India, sun rises in the west or the Earth is flat then even though it is completely wrong, for the sake of getting the first rank, will write it.

CONCLUSION: This letter is his anguish plea to his father who scolds him for his rank. He says that book education is rarely applicable in real life.  Rahul is against the Indian education system which is characterized by rote learning without any practical exposure to the real world. He condemns the emphasis placed on examination, marks and ranks.

SHORT SUMMARY OF FATHER DEAR FATHER

INTRODUCTION

The lesson Father, Dear Father written by Raj kinger

Raj Kinger writes for the press. “Father, Dear Father” is an article published in the English daily, The Hindu.

CONTENT: Rahul was a schoolboy. He was the class topper. His first rank slips to the second. He write’s a letter to his father raising several questions about the education system.  He believes that education should give a feel of life
to the learners and enable them to live a complete life rather they are letting life pass by. He says that his grandfather had a carefree and beautiful childhood. He enjoyed in the mango and guava gardens and playing marbles on the river bank. Rahul’s grandmother is semi literate yet she was a happy compared to his educated mother. Rahul says that the essence of life is not taught to him for Rahul, practical education matters more than theoretical. Classroom knowledge should come in handy in our day-to-day life.

CONCLUSION: Thus, this letter is his anguished plea to his father who scolds Rahul for losing his first rank, Rahul expresses his emotions through a letter to father.

General Foundation – Inter First Year

HAPPINESS – CARL SANDBURG SUMMARY – INTER FIRST YEAR

1. HAPPINESS – CARL SANDBURG

SUMMARY – INTER FIRST YEAR

HAPPINESS – CARL SANDBURG

SUMMARY

Introduction : The poem Happiness is written by “Carl Sandburg” who is an American poet, writer, biographer and editor. This poem is an extract from his collection, Chicago Poems.  The poem is an expression of the narrator’s search for what happiness is and his ultimate realization. It is a simple poem with valuable message.

Context:  In the Poem ‘Happiness’,  the poet Carl Sandburg depicts his experience about happiness in life. The poet seeks to find the “meaning of happiness” from different people and different perspectives but finds the real meaning of happiness from a crowd of Hungarians with their women and children.

            Meaning: This poem is a light-hearted poem. It does not give single definition. This poem seems to be strange but has a great intellectual meaning in it. Happiness varies from person to person. “The happiest people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the best of everything they have.”

 The poet begins the poem by asking the professor about the meaning of happiness who teaches the meaning of life to the people. The professor who represents the “intelligence and success” couldn’t answer the question. Then he asks the same question to “the famous executives” who boss the work of thousands men even he is unable to answer the question. Searching for the meaning of happiness the poet on one Sunday afternoon, wanders along the Desplaines River there he sees a crowd of Hungarians under the trees with their women and children and a keg of beer and an accordion (musical instrument).  Here he finds the real meaning of happiness from these common people. These people do not have money, intelligence or success but “they are the symbol of real meaning of happiness”.  They make the best movement by spending time with their family.

Critical Appreciation: The difference between upper and lower class people is given in this poem. Here the upper class people represent the professors and the executives who do not know the meaning of happiness and do not know to live in the moment. The lower class people represent the Hungarians who know to lead a happy life in the moment in accordance with nature. One should live in the present in order to enjoy the life. The Hungarians stand as a symbol of sharing and helping mentality people.

Conclusion: The poet concludes the poem in which the “happiness” is not about being rich or successful or having a good carrier but about having passion in life, feeling the moment and living in it through our soul. He also says that the materialistic things do not bring any happiness to the people.

Inter First Year 2021 Syllabus

TWO SIDES OF LIFE

BOOKER T WASHINGTON

SUMMARY Inter first year

BOOKER T WASHINGTON

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION: The inspiring speech ‘Two Sides of Life’ was addressed by Booker T Washington. He was an American educator, author orator and adviser to several presidents of the United States.  He was also a dominant leader in the African American Community.

CONTEXT: Washingtons speeches are very straight-forward and practical. In this speech he addressed on character building.

EXPLANATION: He begins the speech by lamp lighting on the two-sides: the bright side and the dark side of life. Based  on this concept he says that there are two classes of people one who looks at the dark side of things in life, for them the morning appears gloomy, dull and muddy whereas the person who looks bright side feels the beauty of raindrops, bathed flowers, shrubs and trees.

Education is not what a person is able to hold in his head, but the ability to find out the information he need. As no teacher knows everything in the subject he has to develop frankness and honesty in teaching.

The person who looks on dark side are weak in mind, heart and purpose. They never go forward or suggest. They are no longer wanted.

Finally Washington advices the students to go out with a heart full of hope, faith and belief. Never be satisfied with second or third hand things in life but to get best things in life.

Inter I year General Foundation study material

Inter I year General Foundation study material

Inter 1 year General foundation unit 3 Entrepreneur Development Important Question & Answers

General foundation

unit 3 Entrepreneur Development

Important Question & Answers

UNIT – 3 SHORT ANSWERS

1. What is value?

Values definition: the moral principles and beliefs or accepted standards of a person or social group. Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another. They serve as a guide for human behavior.  Entrepreneur believes that they can achieve anything through hard work. This value provides goal direction which encourages them to be on the path so as to accomplish the desired goals.

2. What is Motivation?

Motivation is derived from the Latin term ‘Movere’ which means ‘to move’.

Motivation is encouraging someone or oneself to get a desired course of action. It is a process of inducing, inspiring and energizing people to work willingly with zeal, confidence and satisfaction to achieve desired goal.

3. What is meant by Entrepreneur

An entrepreneur is someone who identifies a need for a new product, process, or service and builds a business around that need.

The entrepreneur is defined as someone who has the ability and desire to establish, administer and succeed in a new business venture along with risk entitled to it, to make profits. 

An entrepreneur is typically an individual who creates a new business, plays an active role in its operations, assumes most of the financial risk, and enjoys most of its success. The process of creating a new business is known as entrepreneurship and is often driven by new ideas for products or services. 

4. What is entrepreneurial behaviour?

entrepreneurial behaviour can be defined as a set of behaviours that an individual exhibits which allows them to innovate and/or improve upon existing ideas to market a product or service effectively in a competitive market. Some common behaviours that an entrepreneur requires are discipline, passion, dedication, constant learner, goal seeker, team players and opportunity grabber.

UNIT – 3 ESSAY ANSWERS

1. Explain the characteristic of entrepreneur?

An entrepreneur is someone who identifies a need for a new product, process, or service and builds a business around that need.

Characteristics of Entrepreneurship:

Not all entrepreneurs are successful; there are definite characteristics that make entrepreneurship successful. A few of them are mentioned below:

• Ability to take a risk- Starting any new business an entrepreneur needs to be courageous and have ability to evaluate and take risks.
• Innovation- entrepreneur should be highly innovative to generate new ideas, start a company and earn profits out of it.
• Visionary and Leadership quality- To be successful, the entrepreneur should have a clear vision of his new business. To turn the idea into reality, a lot of resources and employees are required for which he has to have leadership quality to guide them towards the right path of success.
• Open-Minded- In a business, every circumstance can be an opportunity and used for the benefit of a company. For example, Paytm recognised the gravity of demonetization and acknowledged the need for online transactions would be more, so it utilised the situation and expanded massively during this time.
• Flexible- An entrepreneur should be flexible and open to change according to the situation. To be on the top, a businessperson should be equipped to embrace change in a product and service, as and when needed.

·         Entrepreneur should have A Positive Mental Attitude

·         He should enjoy being around people

·         He should have excellent communication skills

·         He should have a strong desire to achieve

·         He should be a Resourceful person such as money, information and time.

·         He should Possess Technical Skills and Knowledge.

2.      Describe the attitude of entrepreneur?

Essential Attitudes of Successful Entrepreneurs

Attitude is an important trait needed for an entrepreneurial career. Entrepreneurs need to have positive attitudes. Some of the essential attitudes required of the entrepreneurs are as follows:

1.    Attitude towards Imagination. Entrepreneurs are visionaries as they visualize opportunities in the environment. They are quick to analyze the facts, perceive a given situation and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the situation, find opportunities for innovation, growth and development.

2.    Attitude towards Risk. Entrepreneurs are inclined to take calculated risks to introduce something new and earn higher profits.

3.    Attitude towards Initiative. Entrepreneurs take initiative in developing new business or services. They are basically leaders and not followers. They convert their dreams into reality.

4.    Attitude for looking new opportunities. Entrepreneurs always locate new opportunities and start new business to make use of the opportunities.

5.    Attitude towards changes. Entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards change. They love change as change is the law of life. They accept challenges thrown by the changes in the environment.

6.    Attitude towards freedom of expression and action. Entrepreneurs enjoy freedom of expression and action. They value independence and ownership, they like to think on their own and act accordingly.

7.    Attitude towards performance (successful completion of targets). Entrepreneurs value outstanding performance. Successful completion of the task is an indicator of their performance which gives them immense satisfaction.

8.    Attitude towards personal capacity. Entrepreneurs tend to believe in their capacity to influence the environment. They think that in any given situation they can change and influence the environment.

9.    Attitude towards Building Relations or Networking. Entrepreneurs often lack various resources required to complete a project. If they have networking with the suppliers of various resources such as capital, machinery, materials, etc. many of their difficulties are solved. Thus, entrepreneurs should have positive attitude towards networking or building relations with the suppliers of various resources.

10.    Attitude toward customers. Entrepreneurs have respect for their customers and so they put the customers first. They accord top priority to customer satisfaction. They build customer trust by finding out quickly what the customer wants.

3.      Explain entrepreneur competence?

Entrepreneur competence are :

1.      Initiative:  Does things before being asked or forced by the event.

Take action that go beyond job requirements or the demands of the situation.

Acts to extend the business into new areas, products or services.

2.      sees and Acts on Opportunities:

a.      sees and acts on new or unusual business opportunities.

b.      Seizes unusual opportunities to obtain financing, equipment, land, work space or assistance.

3.      Persistence:

a.      Takes repeated actions to meet a challenge or overcome an obstacle.

b.      Switches to an alternative strategy to reach a goal.

4.      Information seeking:

a.      Takes action on own to get information to help achieve objective or clarify problems.

b.      Personally seeks information on clients, suppliers, competitors.

c.       Uses personal and business contracts or information networks to obtain useful information.

5.      Concern for high quality, innovation and efficiency:

a.      Looks for or find ways to do things better, faster or chapter.

b.      Acts to do things that meet or exceed standards of excellence or improve on past performance.

6.       Commitment to work contract:

a.      places the highest priority on getting a job completed.

b.      Accepts full responsibility for problems in completing a job.

c.       Makes a personal sacrifice or expands extraordinary efforts to complete a job.

d.      Pitches in with workers or work in their place to get a job done.

7.      Systematic planning:

a.      Develops and uses logical, step-by-step plans to reach goals.

b.      Plans by breaking a large task down into sub-task.

c.       Keep financial records and uses them to make business decisions.

8.      Problem solving:

a.      Generates new and potentially unique ideas or innovative solutions to reach goals.

b.      Switches to an alternative strategy to reach a goal.

9.      Self-confidence:

a.      Has a strong belief in one’s own ablilities.

b.      Sticks with own judgments in the face of opposition or early lack of success.

c.       Expresses confidence in one’s own ability to complete a difficult task or meet a challenge.

10.  Persuasion:

a.      Uses deliberate strategies to influence or persuade others.

b.      Uses business and personal contracts as agents to accomplish own objectives.

c.       Asserts strong confidence in one’s own company’s or organization’s products or services.

11.  Use of influencing strategies:

a.      uses a variety of strategies to influence or persuade others to accomplish own objectives.

b.      Acts to develop business contracts.

12.  Goal setting:

a.       Articulates clear, long-range visions and goals.

b.      Continuously sets and revises short-range objectives.

13.  Risk taking:

a.      States a preference for situations involving a challenge or moderate risk.

b.      Deliberately calculates risks.

c.       Takes action to reduce risks or control outcome.

These competencies are personal behavioral characteristics, which makes a person behave in a particular way to achieve the goal.

4. Describe Entrepreneurial Behaviour.

The behaviour of an entrepreneur is dependent largely on his psychology and motives which are the main  determinants of behaviour. These motives are based on needs for survival and growth. Few Entrepreneurial Behaviour are as follows: 

 (1) Achievement Motive : Achievement motive is most important for an entrepreneur. It is this motive which  motivates people to do something different and extraordinary so that one may feel that he has achieved or created something which others are not able to do.

(2) Desire to Influence Others : Strong desire of the need for power, helps a person to become a successful institution builder, Thus, it is necessary that an entrepreneur must have the ability of self-management with a strong will power. Thus, they possess a strong desire towards the need of influencing others.

(3) Desire for Independence : Entrepreneur possesses strong desire for independence and it is only due to this desire that they are motivated to start a new business.

(4) Innovation :   Generally, an entrepreneur does those acts which are not taken up by other persons. They transform the creative ideas into useful applications. Accordmg to Schumpeter, a person is an entrepreneur only when he is an innovator, engaging himself in an innovative behaviour.

(5) Hope for Success : Entrepreneurs are always hopeful for future success. They work for being successful which enlightens them with the confidence, positive attitude and high energy level. Hope for success makes their behaviour strong and stable.

(6) Calculated Risk Taking : Entrepreneur is a person who is always in a position to accept challenging job, He works on those projects only, which are risky but have a probability of success through their efforts. The entrepreneur belives in calculated risk-taking.

(7) Immediate feedback : Entrepreneur wants immediate feedback of the progress of his entrepreneurial targets so that he can improve the way of achieving the targets and his behaviour changes according to the situations.

(8) Self-Efficacy : An entrepreneur is a the problem solver, instead of problem avoiders. They do not want to copy others but they want others to copy them. Further they feel proud of their achievements and live in the present.

(9) Self-Expression : The desire for self-expression appears to be a common thread and may help explain why so many men and women prefer to work for themselves than for someone else.

(10) Self Confidence : Entrepreneurs believe in themselves. They have confidence that they can outdo anyone in their field. They have winning habits. On the basis of self-confidence, they become overachievers.

(11) Different Way :  Entrepreneur is different from all others. They judge the world in terms of their own beliefs, values and expectations. A good entrepreneur behaves like human being rather than rational machine. They work differently. Every individual is differ in their psycho-personalities, needs, time periods, social surroundings and perception.

5.      What are the objectives of Make in India?

Make in India initiative was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on September 25, 2014, at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. The main aim of this initiative is to make India a global manufacturing hub by encouraging both multinational as well as domestic companies to manufacture their products within the country.  

Objectives of Make in India Campaign

1. To transform India into a global design and manufacturing hub.
2. To introduce new initiatives for the promotion of foreign direct investment
3. To implement intellectual property rights.
4. To develop the nation’s manufacturing sector.
5. To boost the confidence of investors and manufacturers to build and invest in India.
6. To improve India’s rank on the Ease of Doing Business index.
7. To eliminate the hassles of laws and regulations in the bureaucratic process of business.
8. To promote job creation and innovation in the limits of the country.
9. To make government transparent and accountable in its working.
10. To encourage the avenues of skill development.
11. To improve the global competitiveness of the Indian manufacturing sector.
12. To promote the sustainability of growth.

6.      Why women empowerment is needed?

Empowering women is essential to the health and social development of families, communities and countries.

Women Empowerment refers to the creation of an environment for women where they can make decisions of their own for their personal benefits as well as for the society.

Importance of women Empowerment:

1.      Under-employment and unemployed: women population constitutes around 50% of the world population. A large number of women around the world are unemployed. The world economy suffers a lot because of the unequal opportunity for women at workplace.

2.      Equally competent and intelligent: women are equally competent. Nowadays, women are even ahead of men in many socio-economic activities.

3.      Talented: women are as talented as men. Previously, women were not allowed higher education like men and hence their talents were wasted. Today, many women are occupying the top position of multinational companies as they are going for higher studies.

4.      Overall development of society: The main advantage of women Empowerment is that there will be an overall development of the society. The money that women earn does not only help them and or their family, but it also help develop the society.

5.      Economic Benefits: women Empowerment also leads to more economic benefits not to the individuals but to the society as well. It will help women to become independent and also to earn for their family which grows country’s economy.

6.      Reduction in domestic violence: Women Empowerment leads to decrease in domestic violence as educated women, knows how to avoid domestic violence.

7.      Reduction in corruption: Women Empowerment helps women to get educated and know their rights and duties and hence can stop corruption.

8.      Reduce poverty: Women Empowerment also reduces poverty. Women’s income will be an added advantage to the family and thus, reduce poverty.

9.      National Development: women is showing their outstanding performances at every sphere including medical science, social service, engineering etc. which in turn lead to national development.

10.  Irreplaceable in some sectors:  Women are Irreplaceable in certain Jobs.  The world doesn’t exist without them.

THE BOY WHO BROKE THE BANK – summary – RUSKIN BOND

THE BOY WHO BROKE THE BANK

– RUSKIN BOND

– summary

INTRODUCTION: The gripping story “The Boy Who Broke the Bank”, by Ruskin Bond deals with plight of the underpaid or unpaid boys.  Exploitation, innocence of children, role of rumours, anxiety, and mob psychology find effective expression in the story. Ruskin Bond is better known as “Indian Words Worth” has written many books for children.

MEANING & CONTENT: The short story describes Nathu’s suffering in the opening lines.  He works as a sweeper boy with the Pipalnagar Bank.  He has for long been requesting for a hike of two rupees in his pay.  Seth Govind Ram, the owner of the bank, has not agreed to raise his pay. 

  Nathu grumbles to himself about his not being paid his regular salary though it was already the twentieth of the month.  At this point of time, Sitaram, the washerman’s son happened to pass by the bank.  He was on delivery rounds.  He observed Nathu replies that he has not even received his regular pay yet.  He also mentioned that he would leave the bank as soon as he got his pay.  Sitaram wishes him good luck and also adds that he would keep a lookout for any job that might suit him.  Sitaram’s visit for fourth home, the lady of the house mention that she was in need of a sweeper. He told the lady that he knew of a sweeper boy who was looking for work and he could start from next month.  He was working in the bank as a sweeper but they were not giving him his pay and he wanted to leave his job.  Mrs. Srivatsava asked Sitaram to tell the boy to meet her the next day.  Thus, Sitaram tried to help Nathu by finding a new job.

In the story ‘The Boy Who Broke the Bank’ Ruskin Bond deicts how rumours spread like wild fire. Sitaram, the washerman’s son, tells Mrs. Srivastava that the sweeper boy of Pipalnagar Bank has not been paid his slaray and is looking for a job.  A little later Mrs. Srivastava meets her friend, Mrs. Bhushan, in the market.  She comments that Seth Govind Ram’s bank cannot pay it employees.  The sweeper boy has not received his wages for more than a month.  Mrs. Bhushan concludes that none of the employees must be getting paid.  She is sure that the bank must be in a bad way.  She tells her husband that the bank is going bankrupt.  The news spread rapidly and there is panic and confusion.

Soon everyone in the town is convinced that the bank has gone bankrupt.  Rumours fly thick and fast about the Seth Govindram.   Some believe he has fled the state and other say that he has  fled the country and someone even claims that the Seth had hanged himself from a tree.  In reality, the Seth is in Kashmir on a holiday.

All the people rush to the bank to withdraw their money.  They refuse to hear the pleas of the manager.  They claim that the Seth is hiding inside a bank locker.  When all the ready cash gets over, the crowd gets restive and agitated.  Mischief makers join the scene.  They gathered outside the bank and started pelting stones and broke the glass window of the bank. Thus, Ruskin Bond depicts how rumours spread like wild fire and causes irreparable damage and lands the bank in trouble.

Conclusion: The piece of news  that the sweeper is not been paid yet, destroys the Pipalnagar bank as the news gets passes on from person to person. Ruskin Bond conveys us a lesson that we should never belive the rumours and also shouldn’t become the part of spreading it as it will destroy the life’s of people. We can see this from the lesson where all the bank employees loose their jobs outof rumours.

2. I Celebrate Myself

by Walt Whitman

Summary

by Walt Whitman

Summary

Introduction (or) Lesson And Author: ‘I Celebrate Myself’ is an extract from the poem “song of Myself”, written by Walt Whitman. This poem has its roots in the philosophical belief that all living and non-living entities are different forms of the supreme being. This poem is a rare blend of spirituality and patriotism.

Context and Meaning:  ‘Song of Myself’, is one of the most famous poems of America. This poem is important for its vision of equality and celebrates the glory of all creations and the creator. The poet celebrates the spirit of democracy, the greatness of the soil and the glory of the Lord. ‘I’ in the poem is the poet himself.

            The poet has a great admiration for the beauty of a blade of grass. He invites his soul to lean down and observe the blade of summer grass. The poet was 37 years old when he wrote the poem. He enjoys perfect health. He also hopes that he will continue to be in good health till his death. The poet appreciates every aspect of his life the land that he was born in, its soil and air. Celebration of this sort is nothing but singing the glory of God.

The poet expresses his immeasurable love for his motherland.  He says that every part of his body and every atom of his blood were formed from the soil of his native land. He adds that not lonely he, but his parents and their ancestors were born in the same country and thus were indebted to its soil and air. He is proud of his country and family.

The poet conveys that Nature guides us through her simple and straight forward ways. She is our friend, philosopher and guide. We can trust her much more that the man made creeds and schools of thoughts.

Critical Appreciation: The poet rightly points out, we are all equal in the true sense of the expression because we all came from the same source – the Almighty. The poet also appreciates every aspect of his life including his health, the land that he was born in, the attachment to his family and ancestors.  Thus ‘I Celebrate Myself’ is an expression of admiration for everything created by God and poets Patriotic feelings towards his homeland.

DANCING IN THE RAIN

  AZIM H. PREMJI

Summary

  AZIM H. PREMJI

Summary:

Introduction (or) Lesson And Author: The given lines are taken from the thought provoking essay ‘Dancing in the Rain’ written by Azim Premji, who is an Indian tycoon and philanthropist. His speeches and articles on education and innovation are insightful and inspirational.  Azim Premji devotes a lot of time and resources to improve the educational system in India.

Context and Meaning:  In this essay Premji describes the pathetic situation the children of Indian society are in. he wants us to stop burdening the children and encourage them to be creative. He eagerly looks forward to seeing children dance merrily in rain.

The essay opens with a disturbing report on child labour. Premji expresses the pathetic conditions of children employed by Zari Factories. He further says that exploiting children physically, mentally and depriving their childhood pleasure is inhuman and criminal act.

His deep concern and doubts whether children have any time to play with friends, to meet interesting people, to explore the world, and to follow their curiosity. Some children are overburdened with their academic activities whereas others are shackled by poverty and hunger. He cites the example of class 9 student who gets only half-an-hour of free time every day.

Premji reminds himself of Gandhiji’s words that lesson in life are learnt from children than from learned Men. A child fearlessly tries before giving up unlike the adults who give up before trying, out of fear of failure. He concludes the essay saying that India will have a bright future only if the children are free to dance in the rain. India will progress in the true sense if the children are free from the evils of poverty and hunger. Poverty, hunger, parental aspirations and social conditions should not restrict their freedom only then, we can flourish as a society.

Critical Appreciation/ Conclusion: Premji strongly believes that our school should change from being textbook prisons to laboratories of exploration and our homes from being tuition centers to playgrounds of sport and art. A counties growth and prosperity depends on the way the children live. They will grow into healthy and mature adults if they are provided with the joy of childhood. Thus, India will be radiant when our children are free to dance in the rain.